Study on spread laws and influencing factors of fire smoke in student dormitory buildings

This study employs PyroSim software to establish a numerical simulation model of a student dormitory building fire, simulating the initial smoke spread process. The influence mechanisms of fire source location, corridor smoke barriers, stairwell entrance smoke barriers, and height of natural smoke exhaust windows in corridors on fire smoke spread are discussed. The results indicate that the fire source location is the most critical factor affecting smoke spread. A fire originating in a dormitory room mainly affects the floor of origin, whereas a fire in the stairwell public area will threaten the entire building’s evacuation safety. Even in corridors with a width not greater than 2.5 m, adding a smoke barrier in the middle of the corridor to divide the corridor into two smoke control zones can effectively block or delay horizontal smoke spread. Installing smoke barriers at stairwell entrances can prevent smoke from entering the stairwell, mitigating vertical fire spread through the stairwells. Increasing the height of the natural smoke exhaust windows on both sides of the corridor and strictly setting them within the smoke storage bin can effectively reduce the CO concentration in corridors on each floor.